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Ferdinand Hurter (1844–1898) and Vero Charles Driffield (1848–1915) were nineteenth-century photographic scientists who brought quantitative scientific practice to photography through the methods of sensitometry and densitometry.

Among their other innovations was a photographic exposure estimation device known as an actinograph.cite-ref-1[1]

• See also

• References

• External links

• H&D speed numbers, originally described in 1890, for film speed measurements

cite-note-11. ↑ citerefwilliam-bates-ferguson1920William Bates Ferguson, ed. (1920). The Photographic Researches of Ferdinand Hurter & Vero C. Driffield: Being a Reprint of Their Published Papers, Together With a History of Their Early Work & a Bibliography of Later Work on the Same Subject. London: Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

• A brief history of Hurter and Driffield by Ron Callender in Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Photography 2008 pp.732-4